How Long Does it Take to Get Canadian Citizenship After PR: A Step-by-Step Guide

Canada is a country that embodies multiculturalism and diversity, encouraging newcomers to achieve their full potential by supporting their integration and active participation in social, cultural, economic, and political affairs. Becoming a Canadian citizen is the ultimate step in this journey, and it’s essential to understand the process and requirements. There are a ton of benefits to become a Canadian citizen, including having a Canadian passport allowing individials to travel visa free to man countries. This comprehensive guide covers how long it takes to obtain Canadian citizenship after obtaining Permanent Resident (PR) status, detailing every step from eligibility to application and beyond.

Eligibility for Canadian Citizenship

Before applying for Canadian citizenship, you must meet specific eligibility criteria. These include:

• Permanent Resident Status: You must hold PR status and not be under any removal order or unfulfilled conditions related to your PR status.

• Physical Presence: You must have been physically present in Canada for at least 1,095 days (three years) during the five years immediately before your application. Use the official Physical Presence Calculator to accurately track your days when apply for Canadian citizenship, to ensure you meet the physical presence requirements.

• Income Tax Filing: You are required to file income taxes for at least three years within the five-year period.

• Language Proficiency: If you are between 18 and 54 years old, you must demonstrate adequate knowledge of English or French.

• Knowledge of Canada: You must pass the Canadian citizenship test, which assesses your understanding of Canada's history, values, institutions, and symbols.

It is crucial to ensure you meet all these requirements before applying for Canadian citizenship. Mistakes or miscalculations, especially in your physical presence days, can delay the process or result in rejection.

When to Apply for Canadian Citizenship

Once you have confirmed your eligibility for Canadian citizenship, you can apply for citizenship. Timing is critical; you must apply only after meeting all the eligibility requirements, including the residency requirement. The five-year eligibility period is calculated from the date you sign your application, so ensure your Canadian citizenship application and physical presence calculation dates match.

Requirements for Becoming a Canadian Citizen

Aside from the basic eligibility, several specific requirements must be fulfilled for citizenship eligibility:

• Residency Requirements: You must have lived in Canada for at least 1,095 days in the past five years before applying for Canadian citizenship. Time spent as a temporary resident or protected person can also count, but only up to 365 days.

• Filing Taxes: Ensure you have filed your income taxes for the required years. This is a crucial step, as the Canadian government uses this to confirm your residency and economic contribution.

• Language Proficiency: You must meet Canadian Language Benchmarks (CLB) level 4 or higher. This can be demonstrated through various language tests or proof of education in English or French.

• Canadian Citizenship Test: Passing the citizenship test is essential for applicants aged 18 to 54. The test includes questions about Canada's history, geography, government, and citizenship rights and responsibilities.

Filing Taxes

Filing taxes is a crucial part of the Canadian citizenship application process, as it verifies your economic participation in Canada and confirms your eligibility for various benefits and credits. Here’s what you need to know about taxes as a newcomer and a permanent resident on the path to citizenship:

Income Tax Filing Requirement:

To be eligible for Canadian citizenship, you must have filed income tax returns for at least three years during the five years immediately before your application. This requirement ensures that you have been contributing to the Canadian economy, which is a key responsibility of being a citizen.

Understanding Your Tax Obligations as a Newcomer:

The Canada Revenue Agency (CRA) considers you a newcomer for income tax purposes during the first year you are a resident of Canada. You become a resident for tax purposes when you establish sufficient residential ties in Canada, usually from the day you arrive.

Residential Ties:

Your residential ties include having a home in Canada, a spouse or common-law partner, and dependents who live with you in Canada. These ties determine your residency status for tax purposes, which is separate from your immigration status.

Getting a Social Insurance Number (SIN):

To file taxes, you need a Social Insurance Number (SIN). This nine-digit number is also necessary to work in Canada and access government benefits. If you cannot obtain a SIN, the CRA may issue a Temporary Tax Number (TTN) for tax filing and benefit purposes.

Filing Taxes for the First Time:

Even if you only lived in Canada for part of the year, you must file a tax return if you have income, want to claim a refund, or need to continue receiving benefits and credits. For newcomers, benefits and credits can be applied for without filing a tax return in the first year, but you must file in subsequent years to maintain eligibility.

Canadian Citizenship Test

The Canadian citizenship test is a critical part of the process for applicants aged 18 to 54. It consists of 20 multiple-choice questions about Canadian history, geography, political systems, and the rights and responsibilities of citizenship. You need to score at least 15 out of 20 to pass.

Language Proficiency

Language proficiency in English or French is required for applicants aged 18 to 54 for Canadian citizenship. You must meet at least CLB level 4 in speaking and listening. Acceptable proof includes:

• Results from an IRCC-approved language test.

• Completion of secondary or post-secondary education in English or French.

• Achieving the required language level in government-funded language programs.

Documents Required to Apply for Canadian Citizenship

When applying, you’ll need to gather and submit several documents, that may include:

• Proof of PR status: A copy of your PR card or other proof of your status.

• Personal identification: A valid passport or travel document.

• Language proficiency proof: Language test results or education certificates are required to prove language skills.

• Tax documents: Notices of assessment from the CRA for the required years.

• Travel documents: A record of your travel history during the eligibility period.

• Two pieces of personal identification: Including one with your photo.

The Application Process: Step by Step

Here is a detailed breakdown of the steps involved in applying for Canadian citizenship:

1. Ensure Eligibility: Double-check that you meet all the requirements.

2. Calculate Physical Presence: Use the Physical Presence Calculator to calculate your time outside Canada

3. Gather Documents: Collect all required documents, including proof of language proficiency, tax filings, and travel history.

4. Complete the Application: Accurately fill out the citizenship application form.

5. Pay the Fees: The total fee is CAD 630 for adults, covering both the processing and right of citizenship fees.

6. Submit the Application: Mail your completed application to the appropriate IRCC office, ensuring all documents and payment receipts are included.

Canadian Citizenship Cost

As of 2024, The application fee for Canadian citizenship is CAD 630 for adults, including a CAD 530 processing fee and a CAD 100 right of citizenship fee. For children under 18, the fee is CAD 100.

Processing Time and Next Steps

The processing time for Canadian citizenship applications is typically around 12 months. This time frame includes the review of your application, the citizenship test (if required), and the citizenship ceremony. Delays can occur if your application is incomplete or if additional information is required.

After submitting your application, the following steps occur:

1. Application Review: IRCC reviews your application to ensure it’s complete.

2. Citizenship Test and Interview: If applicable, you will be invited to take the test and possibly attend an interview.

3. Decision: After passing the test and meeting all requirements, IRCC will make a decision on your application.

4. Oath of Citizenship Ceremony: If approved, you will be invited to attend a ceremony where you will take the Oath of Citizenship and receive your citizenship certificate.

Common Questions

Can I get Canadian Citizenship without first obtaining PR status?

No, obtaining Canadian permanent residence status is a prerequisite for applying for Canadian citizenship. Without PR status, you cannot apply.

Is it possible to get Canadian Citizenship without living in Canada?

No, you must have lived in Canada for at least 1,095 days during the five years before applying. This residency requirement is mandatory. Time spent as a temporary resident or protected person can also count, but only up to 365 days.

How soon do I need to apply for Canadian Citizenship after becoming eligible?

You can apply as soon as you meet the eligibility requirements, including the physical presence requirement. It’s advisable to apply promptly to avoid any changes in your situation that could affect your eligibility.

What is a Citizenship certificate

A Citizenship Certificate is an official document issued by the Government of Canada that serves as proof of Canadian citizenship, or citizenship status. It confirms that the holder is a Canadian citizen, either by birth or by naturalization (the process of becoming a citizen after being a Canadian permanent residents). The certificate includes the individual’s full name, date of birth, and the date on which they became a Canadian citizen. If you are born abroad to a Canadian citizen you would be eligible to apply for Canadian citizenship and a Canadian passport.

Tips and Recommendations

• Use the Physical Presence Calculator: It’s the most accurate way to track your residency days.

• Prepare for the Citizenship Test: Study the Discover Canada guide and take practice tests.

• Gather Documents Early: Start collecting necessary documents well in advance to avoid delays.

• Seek Legal Assistance: If you’re unsure about any part of the application process, consult an immigration lawyer.

How Immigration Lawyers from AKM Law Can Help

Navigating the Canadian citizenship application process can be complex. The experienced immigration lawyers at AKM Law can guide you through every step, ensuring your application is accurate, complete, and submitted on time. They can help you understand the eligibility requirements, prepare for the citizenship test, and address any issues that may arise during the process. Contact AKM Law today to ensure a smooth journey to becoming a Canadian citizen.

Legal Disclaimer: This article provides general information only and does not constitute legal advice. For legal advice, consult the relevant legislation or regulations, or contact our immigration lawyers directly.